It is not important to define what burglar alarms are as you can judge from the name that is a system that is used in homes and in organizations as well to keep those anti-socials away from the house and offices. The devices are used to take internal care of the valuable things and documents you keep at homes and offices. They are also known security alarms and are specially designed with technologies that are not so easy to break in. This device is available in variety of designs and includes different systems to be used for different purposes. There is miniature type and color-coded, computerized systems as well to use at different places. Some of the systems are available with portable alarms that can be used in individual vehicles.
If you want to purchase one of the systems of burglar alarms, in Iowa City, IA, you must have certain knowledge of the available systems of the alarms. At the same time, it is good to know how they work and which technology is helpful for what purpose. Generally, people are aware of the basic features of burglar alarms because it is a mostly used device nowadays. However, to get the perfect one you have to be aware of something extra than the basic points. Here comes the most important tips to choose the alarm system for your office or home in Iowa City.
For residential alarm system
Opt for the burglar alarms that can work 24x7 as a guard, especially when you are using it to protect your home. Whether you are at home or not, the alarm system will keep you informing of the intruder, who tries to come inside. Also, check out that you can easily install the alarm on gates and on house entrances to prevent those unwanted people. Thus, be sure that it includes technology that you can use to prepare an access code of your own. If the alarm includes the right technology, it will be difficult for the burglar to break the system code and come inside.
ESA approved
Also, be sure that the company, which provides you with burglar alarm system, follows the national ethics properly. The employees who will come to set the alarm must have certification and authorization from the ESA or Electronic Security Association. They have to go through drug screening and entire background check to get the certification. All these qualities will be mentioned there in the certificate and you have to check them thoroughly before engaging them in the service.
Alarm with sonic detectors
If you have a house or office that is made of glass, you need to choose burglar alarms in Iowa City, IA that includes the sonic technology. Though the burglars decide that it is easy to break thorough the windows, but the technology inside the system report his or her action instantly and you get chance to prevent the person. You can also use the alarm in a case that displays valuable things.
Atech is a renowned manufacturer of burglar alarms in Iowa City, IA. The company manufactures different types of the burglar alarms to be used for different purposes. To know more about their service, you can visit at: http://www.atechels.com/.
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Understand how powerful the internet public sale business design is really, as well as exactly what it?s critics really feel would be the disadvantages into it. Objectively the internet public sale business design is a large achievement along with customers as well as retailers as well.
There are many kinds of on the internet public sale versions like the Nederlander design and also the British design. Typically the actual British design includes a solitary item, that is bet on, and also the greatest bidder is victorious. The actual Nederlander design functions a number of the merchandise as well as several individuals earn, just about all having to pay exactly the same cost.
The actual online-auction design recieves by itself via costs accessed on the vendor from the product just like conventional online auctions.
Advantages towards the On the internet Public sale Business design
? Auctions aren?t basically a method to free the actual storage associated with undesirable products but additionally the interpersonal as well as occasionally aggressive conversation. Mixing buying along with amusement as well as mingling is definitely a good recognized power associated with online auctions. ? Shopping from it?s greatest just about all night and day lengthy as well as within the vacations is actually exactly what the actual online-auction provides. The actual consumer doesn?t need to hold back for that shop in order to available to location the bet. This particular comfort may be nicely obtained through the hectic customer. ? The on the internet public sale business design stimulates self-sustaining development. Prosperous retailers as well as pleased purchasers motivate much more from the exact same. The greater great company strategies tend to be followed (the majority of public sale websites are extremely persistent regarding policing which) the greater of every team take part. ? The online-auction business design is really worldwide. Retailers as well as purchasers through worldwide may connect with their own shared advantage without having physical restrictions. ? Competition retains costs lower within the on the internet public sale business design. The seller who are able to provide the highest quality or perhaps a uncommon product in a great cost would be the the majority of prosperous. Disadvantages for that On the internet public sale Business design ? Sniping is recognized as an adverse through people who don?t participate in this particular exercise. Sniping happens whenever online-auctions possess a set end of contract day. Individuals may wait around before really final 2nd as well as little bit simply within the greatest bet. In this instance, the actual quickest link is victorious whenever several individuals are sniping. A few purchasers make use of this strategy effectively as well as viably yet others decry this because destroying the actual online-auction. ? Scammers as well as crooks may search on the internet in order to un-load taken products in order to bilk customers associated with cash. Research display which customer?s scams the web generally happens because the individual didn?t examine the reality very first. ? Online public sale websites are susceptible to absolutely no condition or even government oversight or even legislation. This particular can lead to a few misuse as well as unjust methods, critics state.
The actual online-auction business design offers a few quite strong factors opting for this. Online auctions on the internet happen to be significantly prosperous previously 10 years. Since the design age range the actual customer?s requirements as well as safety be of the concern with because of extreme caution the vendor may un-load undesirable or even extra products and also the purchaser will find fantastic deals and also the online-auction website may make money from each attributes.
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Tiny spaces can be very productive places to work, as today's featured workspace demonstrates. Simple Desks reader Paul Stanton converted a small utility room into his full-time work-from-home office?calling it a sanctuary away from noise from his toddler.
The bold green wall accent, lighting behind the monitor, and simple pine desk add a serene aura to the space. Reference materials taped to the wall are a smart addition too. (They're literally in arm's reach.) One benefit of working in such a small space is you're really forced to focus.
Paul also shares a few more details about his workspace on Reddit.
If you have a workspace of your own to show off, throw the pictures on your Flickr account and add it to the Lifehacker Workspace Show and Tell Pool. Include some details about your setup and why it works for you, and you just might see it featured on the front page of Lifehacker.
The Obama camp played down talk Wednesday that a widely praised speech by Mitt Romney's wife at the Republican convention could ease the challenger's problems with women voters.
Ann Romney delivered a heartfelt tribute to her husband Mitt at the party jamboree in Tampa, Florida Tuesday, in a clear effort to ease the gender gap that is clouding his hopes of beating President Barack Obama in November.
Obama spokeswoman Jen Psaki admitted to reporters on Air force One that Ann Romney's speech was "very powerful" when it touched on her love for her husband and family.
"We'll leave it to the voters and the viewers to decide what their thoughts are on the ticket," said Psaki, but went on to question whether women would sign up to Romney's policies affecting their daily lives.
"There's nothing I heard or we heard from any of the speakers last night that changes the fact that they don't support equal pay for women," she said, repeating Obama's claim that Romney favored 1950s-style health care for women.
"Surrounding yourself with strong women is a great thing, but it doesn't change your positions. And women in this country are smart, and they're paying attention to how things impact them," she said.
White House spokesman Jay Carney said meanwhile that although the convention in Florida transfixed the political world, it did not entice the president, who spent the night in Colorado after a day of campaigning.
"He was working on his briefing books and reading a lot of material, watching sports, but not watching the convention ... he had other things to do," Carney said, adding that Obama had also monitored Hurricane Isaac.
Set in a vibrant and exciting city, poised at becoming of the world?s foremost leisure and business destination, The Ritz-Carlton, Dubai International Financial Centre offers a dynamic setting and opulent retreat for any business traveller.? The only hotel connected by a direct walkway to DIFC, it is not only ideally located, but offers outstanding services, facilities and experiences ? The Ritz-Carlton, DIFC is one hotel that means business.
Rooms, suites & residences Offering 341 elegantly appointed guestrooms and suites, including two Royal Suites; the hotel provides a perfect place to stay for any business traveller. For a home-from-home, the Executive Residences offer 124 furnished apartments, featuring one to four bedrooms, a private entrance, lobby and dedicated front desk, as well as access to an exclusive Fitness Centre and rooftop outdoor pool. Guests can also access all the services offered by the hotel, including housekeeping, catering, concierge service and in-room dining.
The Ritz-Carlton Club Level The Ritz-Carlton Club Level redefines the luxury hotel experience, combining intimacy, comfort and exclusivity with the personalised service and attention to detail that are indigenous to The Ritz-Carlton. With a choice between a Club Room, Club Suite or Royal Suite, guests benefit from complimentary culinary offerings throughout the day, including breakfast, light snacks, beverages and sweets, along with unlimited internet access, and a range of international newspapers and magazines, making it the perfect place to conduct an informal meeting, or simply relax and unwind.
?Chief Executive Organizer? service Guests of the two Royal suites, situated on the top two floors of the hotel, boasting floor-to-ceiling windows and stunning views of The Gate at DIFC, can benefit from the exclusive, complimentary CEO Service ? ?Chief Executive Organizer.? The service is designed to provide an extension to the business traveller?s own team, by offering around-the-clock assistance in any way required, with the ultimate aim of making the guest?s trip an easier experience.? Services can range from administrative tasks, to organising meetings, to booking travel arrangements ? no request is too big or small for the highly trained CEOs, dedicated to providing The Ritz-Carlton legendary service standards.
Meetings facilities For organising business meetings with the utmost ease and convenience, look no further than The Ritz-Carlton DIFC?s meetings team. The dedicated team focuses on every detail so you don?t have to, providing bespoke solutions and service. A choice of eight meeting rooms, and the largest ballroom in Dubai?s Financial District, with 2,574 sq metres of impressive function space, along with a 24-hour state-of-the-art ?Business Center,? ensure all business and meetings needs are not simply met, but exceeded, in true Ritz-Carlton style. An experienced culinary team is also provided for each and every meeting, however extensive the catering requirements.
Explore Dubai Not only situated in the heart of Dubai?s International Financial Center, The Ritz-Carlton, DIFC is located on Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai?s central highway, and is just 20 minutes from Dubai International Airport.? The World Trade Centre and the globally renowned Burj Khalifa are also on the doorstep of the luxury hotel, as are the limitless sights and attractions of the Middle East?s most vibrant, dynamic and exciting city.
Further information: +971 4 372 2222; www.facebook.com/ritzcarltondifc; www.ritzcarlton.com
You may have generally wished for to discover more on or possibly, improve your present understanding of how to care for your epidermis and get scoured the web for details to assist you. The suggestions our company offers in this article, when implemented as suggested, should allow you to boost your skin treatment.
Loose epidermis and wrinkles can be caused by lack of sleep and exercise. These are typically crucial techniques to good health along with your skin?s well being. The lack of sleep and fitness can result in being above stressed and can make you seem much older than what you undoubtedly are.
Mist-on sunscreen lotion will help you properly take care of your skin. Particularly, should you be susceptible to acne breakouts, spraying with an oils-free of charge sunscreen lotion helps you to end the spread out of germs through your hands on your experience. This maintains your skin pores crystal clear and your pores and skin hunting refreshing. Furthermore, it lessens the likelihood that you just will experience a sunburn.
Recall to look after the facial skin on your ft. Skin on the ft . can frequently turn out to be dried up and painful as numerous folks neglect to moisturizing lotion that area of there body. Regrettably, this might lead to broken mends that may be agonizing and in some cases turn out to be affected necessitating expensive medical therapy to fix.
Constraining your alcohol absorption is a terrific way to keep the skin healthy. Alcoholic beverages could make the skin generate far more oil that will clog increase your skin pores. It will also help make your pores become larger that will make them more perceptible for that extra oil. Try to keep your alcoholic beverages to only 1 drink a day.
When thinking about skin care regimens, a lot of people appear to forget an essential part with their skin, their mouth area. Chapped and break lips can be a discomfort. To be able to combat chapped and cracked mouth area, work with a lotion upon them. Lip balms and chap stays can be applied day-to-day and stop problems for the lip tissue.
If you would like reduce your facial lines, think about micro-dermabrasion therapy. These therapies are much cheaper than deal with lifts and they are not unsafe whatsoever. Aside from, a face lift is just not a great choice when you have a delicate skin. Micro-dermabrasion can adjust to the skin and address it delicately.
Though healthy skin care can appear just like a strange world loaded with lotions and creams the fact is that not much is needed to maintain healthy skin. This can help you look more expert and also convey more self-confidence on the dating scenario. The ideas you have study will boost many regions of your life.
Migraine is a type of headache that often occurs on one side of your head. Accompanied by visual disturbances, nausea and photosensitivity, migraine is considered to hinder the sufferer?s everyday activities significantly. Factors like alcohol, nicotine, stress, sleep pattern variations, lack of sleep or exposure to bright lights for a long time can all trigger a migraine attack. Even certain foods can trigger an attack, such as pickles, legumes, fruits, caffeinated drinks, chocolate and aged cheese.
How does Migra-Cap works?
Most of the migraine sufferers complain that bright lights are the major triggering factor for their migraine headache. When you wear a Migra-Cap, it blocks all light so that it does not reach your eyes. Some people must have suggested you to apply a cold pack in the area of your pain. Migra-Cap also applies cool therapy with the help of gel packs to different areas of your head, including your eyes, forehead, in and above ears, upper neck and back of your head. There is a hole in the top of the cap, so that you can pull your hair through it if you have long hair.
Advantages of using a Migra-Cap over other migraine remedies
The best thing about Migra-Cap is that it does not involve any medication to give you temporary relief. Instead of fighting against migraine symptoms, it simply reduces exposure to factors that lead to the problem. Another advantage of this natural therapy is that it is 100% safe for the patient, as it does not at all cause any side effects. The gel packs are designed in such a way that they stay cool for surprisingly long period of time.
You can store your Migra-Cap in a freezer or refrigerator, depending on how cool you want it to be. If you choose to store it in a freezer, the gel packs will not freeze and will stay flexible. Migra-Cap is comfortable to wear, even if you are sitting in a recliner, or lying on your side or back. Although the cap covers your ears, you can still hear your surroundings.
Whenever you contact a doctor, he gives you medicines to relieve the symptoms. But most of the migraine medicines have serious side effects too. Therefore, it is important to find out a migraine treatment which does not include consumption of any drugs. Migra-Cap from Migra Cap Americas Inc. is one such way of getting instant relief from an attack, that too without taking any medicines. This natural remedy makes use of complete darkness and cold therapy to provide relief from a migraine attack.
Brian Mirinda is the author of this article on Drug Free Migraine Relief. Find more information about Migraine Headaches
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KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) ? The Afghan government is blaming the onslaught of attacks by Afghan police and soldiers against international forces on "infiltration by foreign spy agencies."
Presidential spokesman Aimal Faizi told reporters Wednesday that intelligence services, including those in neighboring countries, are playing a part in most insider attacks. He didn't name them.
In the past, intelligence agencies in Iran and the Pakistan have been accused of enabling Afghan insurgents to destabilize the country.
Faizi said Afghan security officials pledged Wednesday to tighten the vetting process for army and police recruits to help prevent attacks.
He said President Hamid Karzai was meeting Wednesday with NATO commander Gen. John Allen to discuss the issue.
According to NATO, there have been 32 insider attacks against coalition forces so far this year, resulting in 40 deaths.
New solar panels made with more common metals could be cheaper and more sustainable Public release date: 21-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Michael Bernstein
m_bernstein@acs.org
215-418-2056 (Philadelphia Press Center, Aug. 17-23)
202-872-6042
Michael Woods
m_woods@acs.org
215-418-2056 (Philadelphia Press Center, Aug. 17-23)
202-872-6293
American Chemical Society
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 21, 2012 With enough sunlight falling on home roofs to supply at least half of America's electricity, scientists today described advances toward the less-expensive solar energy technology needed to roof many of those homes with shingles that generate electricity.
Shingles that generate electricity from the sun, and can be installed like traditional roofing, already are a commercial reality. But the advance ? a new world performance record for solar cells made with "earth-abundant" materials ? could make them more affordable and ease the integration of photovoltaics into other parts of buildings, the scientists said.
Their report was part of a symposium on sustainability at the 244th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society, being held here this week. Abstracts of other presentations appear below.
"Sustainability involves developing technology that can be productive over the long-term, using resources in ways that meet today's needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs," said Harry A. Atwater, Ph.D., one of the speakers. "That's exactly what we are doing with these new solar-energy conversion devices."
The new photovoltaic technology uses abundant, less-expensive materials like copper and zinc ? "earth-abundant materials" ? instead of indium, gallium and other so-called "rare earth" elements. These substances not only are scarce, but are supplied largely by foreign countries, with China mining more than 90 percent of the rare earths needed for batteries in hybrid cars, magnets, electronics and other high-tech products. Atwater and James C. Stevens, Ph.D., described successful efforts to replace rare earth and other costly metals in photovoltaic devices with materials that are less-expensive and more sustainable.
Atwater, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology, and Stevens, a chemist with The Dow Chemical Company, lead a partnership between their institutions to develop new electronic materials suitable for use in solar-energy-conversion devices.
Atwater and Stevens described development and testing of new devices made with zinc phosphide and copper oxide that broke records for both electrical current and voltage achieved by existing so-called thin-film solar energy conversion devices made with zinc and copper. The advance adds to evidence that materials like zinc phosphide and copper oxide should be capable of achieving very high efficiencies, producing electricity at a cost approaching that of coal-fired power plants. That milestone could come within 20 years, Atwater said.
Stevens helped develop Dow's PowerHouse Solar Shingle, introduced in October 2011, which generates electricity and nevertheless can be installed like traditional roofing. The shingles use copper indium gallium diselenide photovoltaic technology. His team now is eyeing incorporation of sustainable earth-abundant materials into PowerHouse shingles, making them more widely available.
"The United States alone has about 69 billion square feet of appropriate residential rooftops that could be generating electricity from the sun," Stevens said. "The sunlight falling on those roofs could generate at least 50 percent of the nation's electricity, and some estimates put that number closer to 100 percent. With earth-abundant technology, that energy could be harvested, at an enormous benefit to consumers and the environment."
Other presentations at the symposium included:
Efforts by the mining company Molycorp to expand and modernize its Mountain Pass, Colo. facilities to increase United States production of rare earth elements with greener and less costly technology.
An overview of the challenges to maintaining a sustainable supply of critical materials ranging from rare earth elements to more abundant metals like copper.
A new material for recovering rare metals from the 800 billion gallons of wastewater produced by mining and oil and gas drilling every year.
###
The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 164,000 members, ACS is the world's largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.
To automatically receive news releases from the American Chemical Society, contact newsroom@acs.org.
Note to journalists: Please report that this research was presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society.
Abstracts
Finding alternatives to critical materials in photovoltaics and catalysis - Part II: Industrial perspective James C. Stevens1, The Dow Chemical Company, Core R&D, 2301 N. Brazosport Blvd., B-1814, Freeport, TX, 77541, United States , 979-238-2943, JCStevens@dow.com
Extension of photovoltaics technology to the terawatt scale demands that the materials utilized in solar cells be abundant in the earth's crust and amenable to formation of efficient photovoltaic devices. For this symposium on critical materials and their possible replacement with Earth abundant materials, we will focus on two key areas photovoltaics and catalysis. We will present new results on Zn3P2 PV devices with improved open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities over previous records for solar cells based on p-Zn3P2/Mg Schottky diodes, as well as advances in Cu2O-based devices. Potential applications will be described, including uses in Building-Integrated PV.
In addition, a broad perspective on the use of critical materials, especially platinum group metals (PGM's) as catalysis in industry will be reviewed. The chemical industry, in general, is extremely efficient in the use of PGM's and other scarce materials in catalysis. It is important to recognize that various catalyst key performance criteria are much more economically significant than the cost of the PGM, and that many chemical processes have evolved from originally using low-cost metals such as Co to much scarcer metals such as Ir and Rh because the high cost of separations and plant capital overwhelm the difference in the price of the metal. Opportunities may exist for further work in the areas of emissions catalysis, hydrosilylation, hydroformylation, and enantioselective catalysis. In addition, supply chain issues relevant to PGM's in catalysis will be discussed.
Finding alternatives to critical materials in photovoltaics and catalysis - Part I: Academic perspective
Harry A. Atwater1, The California Institute of Technology, Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, MS 128-95, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States , 626-395-2197, haa@caltech.edu
Extension of photovoltaics technology to the terawatt scale demands that the materials utilized in solar cells be abundant in the earth's crust and amenable to formation of efficient photovoltaic devices. For this symposium on critical materials and their possible replacement with Earth abundant materials, we will focus on two key areas photovoltaics and catalysis. We will present new results on Zn3P2 PV devices with improved open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities over previous records for solar cells based on p-Zn3P2/Mg Schottky diodes, as well as advances in Cu2O-based devices. Potential applications will be described, including uses in Building-Integrated PV.
In addition, a broad perspective on the use of critical materials, especially platinum group metals (PGM's) as catalysis in industry will be reviewed. The chemical industry, in general, is extremely efficient in the use of PGM's and other scarce materials in catalysis. It is important to recognize that various catalyst key performance criteria are much more economically significant than the cost of the PGM, and that many chemical processes have evolved from originally using low-cost metals such as Co to much scarcer metals such as Ir and Rh because the high cost of separations and plant capital overwhelm the difference in the price of the metal. Opportunities may exist for further work in the areas of emissions catalysis, hydrosilylation, hydroformylation, and enantioselective catalysis. In addition, supply chain issues relevant to PGM's in catalysis will be discussed.
Sustainable supply of critical materials: Addressing the fundamental challenges in separation science and engineering
Mamadou Diallo1 , California Institute of Technology, Director of Molecular Environmental Technology, Materials and Process Simulation Center, Mail Stop 139-74, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States , (626) 395-8133, diallo@wag.caltech.edu
Recent stresses in the global market of rare-earth elements (REEs) have brought the sustainable supply of critical metals to the forefront in the United States and other industrialized countries. In addition to REEs (e.g., europium, cerium, neodymium, gadolinium, and terbium), significant amounts of copper, silver, gold, manganese, lithium, titanium, gallium and platinum group metals (e.g., platinum, palladium, and ruthenium) will be needed to build the sustainable products, processes, and industries of the 21st century. This overview will highlight some key challenges in separation science and engineering associated with the sustainable supply of critical materials.
Meeting the global rare earth challenge: Molycorp from mine-to-magnets
Andy Davis1 , Molycorp, Manager of Public Affairs, 5619 Denver Tech Center Pkwy, Greenwood, CO, 80111, United States , 571-431-8386, Andy.Davis@molycorp.com
Less than two years since its initial public offering, Molycorp has taken enormous strides towards eliminating the U.S.'s rare earths and critical materials capability gap and broadening global supply diversity. Molycorp will report on the modernization and expansion of its Mountain Pass facilities, which will return the company to high volume rare earth oxide production by the end of the third quarter this year, and it will outline the technologies it has integrated to dramatically advance the company's environmental performance and cost-competitiveness. Additionally, in pursuit of its "mine-to-magnets" strategy, Molycorp has acquired downstream manufacturing capabilities in metal and alloy production and established a joint venture to manufacture sintered neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. With its recently announced agreement to acquire Neo Material Technologies, it is poised to add high purity processing, bonded NdFeB magnet production, and an expanded rare metal portfolio to its suite of capabilities. The company will discuss its continued progress and welcomes your participation.
Setting the stage for sustainability
Catherine T. Hunt1, The Dow Chemical Company, R&D Director, Innovation Sourcing & Sustainable Technologies, 727 Norristown Road, Midland, MI, 19477-0904, United States , 215-619-5289, catherinehunt@dow.com
How do we define sustainability? And more to the point of today's session, the sustainability of critical materials. Today will be dedicated to setting the stage for sustainability - from defining terms and understanding challenges, to discussing options and identifying opportunities. Join us in setting a course for the future, a course where chemists and engineers are center stage.
Moderated panel: Rethinking the role of separation science and engineering - Reduce, reuse, repurpose!
1. Catherine T. Hunt1 , The Dow Chemical Company, R&D Director, Innovation Sourcing & Sustainable Technologies, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA, 19477-0904, United States , 215-619-5289, catherinehunt@dow.com
A moderated panel discussion to synthesize the ideas of the day, highlight exciting developments, and surface unmet needs. This is a chance for us to actively participate in making a difference, a sustainable difference.
New tools in the water treatment technology toolbox: Swellable organosilica materials for reversible extractions of dissolved organics and metals
Paul L Edmiston1,2, Professor, College of Wooster, Department of Chemistry, 943 College Mall, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States , 330-263-2113, pedmiston@wooster.edu
Swellable organosilica (tradename: Osorb) is has the unusual characteristic of instantaneously absorbing eight times its weight in organic liquids. The volumetric changes on absorption lead to a concomitant generation of force (>500N/g) due to mechanical relaxation of a collapsed nanoscale architecture. Matrix relaxation can be used as a new mechanism for the absorption of dissolved organics in a reversible manner. The materials can be tailored to include functional groups or embedded metals for expanded applications. Swellable organosilicas are being tested for the treatment of produced water, a term used for the water co-extracted with oil and gas. Produced water represents the largest volume aqueous waste stream with an estimated volume of 800 billion gallons/year. Extraction of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons and metals is described in a manner by which such components are recovered. In this manner, important chemicals are mined as value-added commodities (fuel, rare metals) rather than being discarded.
Ionic liquids and strategic metals: Challenges and opportunities
Robin D. Rogers1 , Prof., The University of Alabama, Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States , 205-348-4323, 205-348-0823, rdrogers@as.ua.edu
The depletion of easily accessible reserves of nonrenewable resources, especially metals, has forced people to turn to recycling and the use of historically nonviable sources to get these resources. The main hinderance to exploiting these nontraditional resources is the lack of energetically and chemically efficient separations methods. Given the need for new solvents that are tunable, robust, and environmentally benign, it is no surprise that separations have become one of the chief applications of ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are salts with low melting points that frequently have wide liquid ranges, low volatility, good thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability, and tunable physicochemical properties. This overview will cover the application of ILs to the recovery of resources from nontraditional sources including recovery of uranium from seawater, extraction of rare earth elements and precious metals from spent nuclear fuel, and the processing of metal ores.
Findings and opportunities from the 2012 NSF SusChEM workshop
Susannah L Scott1 , PhD, University of California, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 3325 Engineering 2, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, United States , 805-893-5606, sscott@engineering.ucsb.edu
In January, 2012, the first SusChEM (Sustainable Chemistry, Engineering and Materials) workshop was held in Arlington, VA. Co-sponsored by CHE, CBET and DMR divisions at NSF, the workshop was charged with exploring fundamental research and educational needs to advance the goal of increasing the sustainability of chemical processing and manufacturing. Strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of rare elements and other scarce materials, minimize the use of freshwater and energy, and increase the efficiency of recovery/recycling, were discussed, as well as the need for a systems-level perspective and more interdisciplinary training to appreciate the interdependence of science, technology, economics and societal impact.
Challenges for extracting and purifying critical materials
Bruce A. Moyer1 , Group Leader, PhD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6119, United States , 865-574-6718, moyerba@ornl.gov
While the current crisis in the supply of rare earth elements (REEs) resolves itself, balancing the supply and demand for materials needed for economic sustainability has been, and will remain, a fundamental societal concern. Indeed, as archeological evidence shows, even the first hunter-gatherers had to grapple with maintaining the supply of raw materials for stone implements! Lessons from recent decades of shortages of various critical materials show that the solution lies on both the supply and demand sides: seeking new sources, higher efficiencies in production and utilization, avenues for recycling, and opportunities for material substitutions. This presentation examines the example problem of the supply of REEs and the role that R&D can play to assure greater sustainability. Given that the cost of extraction and purification of REEs is significant, more efficient separation technologies will have an impact in the medium to long term, and challenges therein will be discussed.
Separation science for a sustainable future
Matthew Platz1, National Science Foundation, Director, Division of Chemistry, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA, 22230, United States , (703) 292-2665, mplatz@nsf.gov
A recent NSF sponsored workshop in sustainable chemistry, engineering and materials has identified new research in separation science as a key priority. Thus, the NSF Division of Chemistry (CHE) and Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) are co-sponsoring this symposium aimed at communicating the immediate needs for resource separation and recovery to the separation community. We hope through this symposium the separation community will discuss and brainstorm the basic science and engineering needed to economically recycle chemicals that cannot be replaced such as phosphorus and the rare earth elements, and devise environmentally friendly separation processes that require significantly less energy, water and organic solvents than current practices.
Developments in alternatives to critical materials for energy applications
Mark Johnson1 , Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC, 20585, United States , 919-513-2480, mark.johnson2@hq.doe.gov
Motivated by recent volatility in the supply of rare-earth element based materials, the development of alternative technologies for critical materials has become a priority in emerging energy fields. Critical materials are key enabling materials that are also subject to potential supply chain variability. Developing a diversity of technical approaches to meeting the functional requirements of a critical material is essential to the development of new technologies. For example, rare-earth elements are used as alloying constituents to high energy permanent magnets such as SmCo and NdFeB. The partially filled f-shell orbital exhibit high spin anisotropy, thereby inducing a high magnetic coercivity in permanent magnet alloys. High energy density permanent magnets are essential for coupling electricity to mechanical motion in emerging energy applications such as permanent magnet motors for electric vehicles and generators for direct drive wind turbines. At the Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy (ARPA-E), we have initiated a program for the development of alternatives to critical rare-earth based magnets. Looking forward, the ability there is a need for new technologies which can effectively expand the availability of critical materials from available resources: whether from geological reserves or recycling. A key enabling technology is the need to efficiently separate critical materials from available resources. In addition to the rare-earth elements, we will survey the periodic table and highlight research areas that are ripe for new research into separation and extraction of critical materials
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New solar panels made with more common metals could be cheaper and more sustainable Public release date: 21-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Michael Bernstein
m_bernstein@acs.org
215-418-2056 (Philadelphia Press Center, Aug. 17-23)
202-872-6042
Michael Woods
m_woods@acs.org
215-418-2056 (Philadelphia Press Center, Aug. 17-23)
202-872-6293
American Chemical Society
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 21, 2012 With enough sunlight falling on home roofs to supply at least half of America's electricity, scientists today described advances toward the less-expensive solar energy technology needed to roof many of those homes with shingles that generate electricity.
Shingles that generate electricity from the sun, and can be installed like traditional roofing, already are a commercial reality. But the advance ? a new world performance record for solar cells made with "earth-abundant" materials ? could make them more affordable and ease the integration of photovoltaics into other parts of buildings, the scientists said.
Their report was part of a symposium on sustainability at the 244th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society, being held here this week. Abstracts of other presentations appear below.
"Sustainability involves developing technology that can be productive over the long-term, using resources in ways that meet today's needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs," said Harry A. Atwater, Ph.D., one of the speakers. "That's exactly what we are doing with these new solar-energy conversion devices."
The new photovoltaic technology uses abundant, less-expensive materials like copper and zinc ? "earth-abundant materials" ? instead of indium, gallium and other so-called "rare earth" elements. These substances not only are scarce, but are supplied largely by foreign countries, with China mining more than 90 percent of the rare earths needed for batteries in hybrid cars, magnets, electronics and other high-tech products. Atwater and James C. Stevens, Ph.D., described successful efforts to replace rare earth and other costly metals in photovoltaic devices with materials that are less-expensive and more sustainable.
Atwater, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology, and Stevens, a chemist with The Dow Chemical Company, lead a partnership between their institutions to develop new electronic materials suitable for use in solar-energy-conversion devices.
Atwater and Stevens described development and testing of new devices made with zinc phosphide and copper oxide that broke records for both electrical current and voltage achieved by existing so-called thin-film solar energy conversion devices made with zinc and copper. The advance adds to evidence that materials like zinc phosphide and copper oxide should be capable of achieving very high efficiencies, producing electricity at a cost approaching that of coal-fired power plants. That milestone could come within 20 years, Atwater said.
Stevens helped develop Dow's PowerHouse Solar Shingle, introduced in October 2011, which generates electricity and nevertheless can be installed like traditional roofing. The shingles use copper indium gallium diselenide photovoltaic technology. His team now is eyeing incorporation of sustainable earth-abundant materials into PowerHouse shingles, making them more widely available.
"The United States alone has about 69 billion square feet of appropriate residential rooftops that could be generating electricity from the sun," Stevens said. "The sunlight falling on those roofs could generate at least 50 percent of the nation's electricity, and some estimates put that number closer to 100 percent. With earth-abundant technology, that energy could be harvested, at an enormous benefit to consumers and the environment."
Other presentations at the symposium included:
Efforts by the mining company Molycorp to expand and modernize its Mountain Pass, Colo. facilities to increase United States production of rare earth elements with greener and less costly technology.
An overview of the challenges to maintaining a sustainable supply of critical materials ranging from rare earth elements to more abundant metals like copper.
A new material for recovering rare metals from the 800 billion gallons of wastewater produced by mining and oil and gas drilling every year.
###
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Note to journalists: Please report that this research was presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society.
Abstracts
Finding alternatives to critical materials in photovoltaics and catalysis - Part II: Industrial perspective James C. Stevens1, The Dow Chemical Company, Core R&D, 2301 N. Brazosport Blvd., B-1814, Freeport, TX, 77541, United States , 979-238-2943, JCStevens@dow.com
Extension of photovoltaics technology to the terawatt scale demands that the materials utilized in solar cells be abundant in the earth's crust and amenable to formation of efficient photovoltaic devices. For this symposium on critical materials and their possible replacement with Earth abundant materials, we will focus on two key areas photovoltaics and catalysis. We will present new results on Zn3P2 PV devices with improved open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities over previous records for solar cells based on p-Zn3P2/Mg Schottky diodes, as well as advances in Cu2O-based devices. Potential applications will be described, including uses in Building-Integrated PV.
In addition, a broad perspective on the use of critical materials, especially platinum group metals (PGM's) as catalysis in industry will be reviewed. The chemical industry, in general, is extremely efficient in the use of PGM's and other scarce materials in catalysis. It is important to recognize that various catalyst key performance criteria are much more economically significant than the cost of the PGM, and that many chemical processes have evolved from originally using low-cost metals such as Co to much scarcer metals such as Ir and Rh because the high cost of separations and plant capital overwhelm the difference in the price of the metal. Opportunities may exist for further work in the areas of emissions catalysis, hydrosilylation, hydroformylation, and enantioselective catalysis. In addition, supply chain issues relevant to PGM's in catalysis will be discussed.
Finding alternatives to critical materials in photovoltaics and catalysis - Part I: Academic perspective
Harry A. Atwater1, The California Institute of Technology, Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, MS 128-95, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States , 626-395-2197, haa@caltech.edu
Extension of photovoltaics technology to the terawatt scale demands that the materials utilized in solar cells be abundant in the earth's crust and amenable to formation of efficient photovoltaic devices. For this symposium on critical materials and their possible replacement with Earth abundant materials, we will focus on two key areas photovoltaics and catalysis. We will present new results on Zn3P2 PV devices with improved open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities over previous records for solar cells based on p-Zn3P2/Mg Schottky diodes, as well as advances in Cu2O-based devices. Potential applications will be described, including uses in Building-Integrated PV.
In addition, a broad perspective on the use of critical materials, especially platinum group metals (PGM's) as catalysis in industry will be reviewed. The chemical industry, in general, is extremely efficient in the use of PGM's and other scarce materials in catalysis. It is important to recognize that various catalyst key performance criteria are much more economically significant than the cost of the PGM, and that many chemical processes have evolved from originally using low-cost metals such as Co to much scarcer metals such as Ir and Rh because the high cost of separations and plant capital overwhelm the difference in the price of the metal. Opportunities may exist for further work in the areas of emissions catalysis, hydrosilylation, hydroformylation, and enantioselective catalysis. In addition, supply chain issues relevant to PGM's in catalysis will be discussed.
Sustainable supply of critical materials: Addressing the fundamental challenges in separation science and engineering
Mamadou Diallo1 , California Institute of Technology, Director of Molecular Environmental Technology, Materials and Process Simulation Center, Mail Stop 139-74, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States , (626) 395-8133, diallo@wag.caltech.edu
Recent stresses in the global market of rare-earth elements (REEs) have brought the sustainable supply of critical metals to the forefront in the United States and other industrialized countries. In addition to REEs (e.g., europium, cerium, neodymium, gadolinium, and terbium), significant amounts of copper, silver, gold, manganese, lithium, titanium, gallium and platinum group metals (e.g., platinum, palladium, and ruthenium) will be needed to build the sustainable products, processes, and industries of the 21st century. This overview will highlight some key challenges in separation science and engineering associated with the sustainable supply of critical materials.
Meeting the global rare earth challenge: Molycorp from mine-to-magnets
Andy Davis1 , Molycorp, Manager of Public Affairs, 5619 Denver Tech Center Pkwy, Greenwood, CO, 80111, United States , 571-431-8386, Andy.Davis@molycorp.com
Less than two years since its initial public offering, Molycorp has taken enormous strides towards eliminating the U.S.'s rare earths and critical materials capability gap and broadening global supply diversity. Molycorp will report on the modernization and expansion of its Mountain Pass facilities, which will return the company to high volume rare earth oxide production by the end of the third quarter this year, and it will outline the technologies it has integrated to dramatically advance the company's environmental performance and cost-competitiveness. Additionally, in pursuit of its "mine-to-magnets" strategy, Molycorp has acquired downstream manufacturing capabilities in metal and alloy production and established a joint venture to manufacture sintered neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. With its recently announced agreement to acquire Neo Material Technologies, it is poised to add high purity processing, bonded NdFeB magnet production, and an expanded rare metal portfolio to its suite of capabilities. The company will discuss its continued progress and welcomes your participation.
Setting the stage for sustainability
Catherine T. Hunt1, The Dow Chemical Company, R&D Director, Innovation Sourcing & Sustainable Technologies, 727 Norristown Road, Midland, MI, 19477-0904, United States , 215-619-5289, catherinehunt@dow.com
How do we define sustainability? And more to the point of today's session, the sustainability of critical materials. Today will be dedicated to setting the stage for sustainability - from defining terms and understanding challenges, to discussing options and identifying opportunities. Join us in setting a course for the future, a course where chemists and engineers are center stage.
Moderated panel: Rethinking the role of separation science and engineering - Reduce, reuse, repurpose!
1. Catherine T. Hunt1 , The Dow Chemical Company, R&D Director, Innovation Sourcing & Sustainable Technologies, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA, 19477-0904, United States , 215-619-5289, catherinehunt@dow.com
A moderated panel discussion to synthesize the ideas of the day, highlight exciting developments, and surface unmet needs. This is a chance for us to actively participate in making a difference, a sustainable difference.
New tools in the water treatment technology toolbox: Swellable organosilica materials for reversible extractions of dissolved organics and metals
Paul L Edmiston1,2, Professor, College of Wooster, Department of Chemistry, 943 College Mall, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States , 330-263-2113, pedmiston@wooster.edu
Swellable organosilica (tradename: Osorb) is has the unusual characteristic of instantaneously absorbing eight times its weight in organic liquids. The volumetric changes on absorption lead to a concomitant generation of force (>500N/g) due to mechanical relaxation of a collapsed nanoscale architecture. Matrix relaxation can be used as a new mechanism for the absorption of dissolved organics in a reversible manner. The materials can be tailored to include functional groups or embedded metals for expanded applications. Swellable organosilicas are being tested for the treatment of produced water, a term used for the water co-extracted with oil and gas. Produced water represents the largest volume aqueous waste stream with an estimated volume of 800 billion gallons/year. Extraction of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons and metals is described in a manner by which such components are recovered. In this manner, important chemicals are mined as value-added commodities (fuel, rare metals) rather than being discarded.
Ionic liquids and strategic metals: Challenges and opportunities
Robin D. Rogers1 , Prof., The University of Alabama, Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States , 205-348-4323, 205-348-0823, rdrogers@as.ua.edu
The depletion of easily accessible reserves of nonrenewable resources, especially metals, has forced people to turn to recycling and the use of historically nonviable sources to get these resources. The main hinderance to exploiting these nontraditional resources is the lack of energetically and chemically efficient separations methods. Given the need for new solvents that are tunable, robust, and environmentally benign, it is no surprise that separations have become one of the chief applications of ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are salts with low melting points that frequently have wide liquid ranges, low volatility, good thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability, and tunable physicochemical properties. This overview will cover the application of ILs to the recovery of resources from nontraditional sources including recovery of uranium from seawater, extraction of rare earth elements and precious metals from spent nuclear fuel, and the processing of metal ores.
Findings and opportunities from the 2012 NSF SusChEM workshop
Susannah L Scott1 , PhD, University of California, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 3325 Engineering 2, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, United States , 805-893-5606, sscott@engineering.ucsb.edu
In January, 2012, the first SusChEM (Sustainable Chemistry, Engineering and Materials) workshop was held in Arlington, VA. Co-sponsored by CHE, CBET and DMR divisions at NSF, the workshop was charged with exploring fundamental research and educational needs to advance the goal of increasing the sustainability of chemical processing and manufacturing. Strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of rare elements and other scarce materials, minimize the use of freshwater and energy, and increase the efficiency of recovery/recycling, were discussed, as well as the need for a systems-level perspective and more interdisciplinary training to appreciate the interdependence of science, technology, economics and societal impact.
Challenges for extracting and purifying critical materials
Bruce A. Moyer1 , Group Leader, PhD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6119, United States , 865-574-6718, moyerba@ornl.gov
While the current crisis in the supply of rare earth elements (REEs) resolves itself, balancing the supply and demand for materials needed for economic sustainability has been, and will remain, a fundamental societal concern. Indeed, as archeological evidence shows, even the first hunter-gatherers had to grapple with maintaining the supply of raw materials for stone implements! Lessons from recent decades of shortages of various critical materials show that the solution lies on both the supply and demand sides: seeking new sources, higher efficiencies in production and utilization, avenues for recycling, and opportunities for material substitutions. This presentation examines the example problem of the supply of REEs and the role that R&D can play to assure greater sustainability. Given that the cost of extraction and purification of REEs is significant, more efficient separation technologies will have an impact in the medium to long term, and challenges therein will be discussed.
Separation science for a sustainable future
Matthew Platz1, National Science Foundation, Director, Division of Chemistry, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA, 22230, United States , (703) 292-2665, mplatz@nsf.gov
A recent NSF sponsored workshop in sustainable chemistry, engineering and materials has identified new research in separation science as a key priority. Thus, the NSF Division of Chemistry (CHE) and Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) are co-sponsoring this symposium aimed at communicating the immediate needs for resource separation and recovery to the separation community. We hope through this symposium the separation community will discuss and brainstorm the basic science and engineering needed to economically recycle chemicals that cannot be replaced such as phosphorus and the rare earth elements, and devise environmentally friendly separation processes that require significantly less energy, water and organic solvents than current practices.
Developments in alternatives to critical materials for energy applications
Mark Johnson1 , Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC, 20585, United States , 919-513-2480, mark.johnson2@hq.doe.gov
Motivated by recent volatility in the supply of rare-earth element based materials, the development of alternative technologies for critical materials has become a priority in emerging energy fields. Critical materials are key enabling materials that are also subject to potential supply chain variability. Developing a diversity of technical approaches to meeting the functional requirements of a critical material is essential to the development of new technologies. For example, rare-earth elements are used as alloying constituents to high energy permanent magnets such as SmCo and NdFeB. The partially filled f-shell orbital exhibit high spin anisotropy, thereby inducing a high magnetic coercivity in permanent magnet alloys. High energy density permanent magnets are essential for coupling electricity to mechanical motion in emerging energy applications such as permanent magnet motors for electric vehicles and generators for direct drive wind turbines. At the Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy (ARPA-E), we have initiated a program for the development of alternatives to critical rare-earth based magnets. Looking forward, the ability there is a need for new technologies which can effectively expand the availability of critical materials from available resources: whether from geological reserves or recycling. A key enabling technology is the need to efficiently separate critical materials from available resources. In addition to the rare-earth elements, we will survey the periodic table and highlight research areas that are ripe for new research into separation and extraction of critical materials
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Best Buy just released its fiscal Q2 2013 earnings a few moments ago (one day after announcing its new CEO no less), and it looks like the company's financial woes aren't over just yet. The beleaguered electronics retailer reported total revenues of $10.55 billion (down roughly 3% from the year-ago quarter) and adjusted operating income of $124 million, which breaks down to non-GAAP earnings of $0.20/share (down 49% year-over-year).
Previous Post: Build Your Web Design Less difficult With One Of These Techniques   Next Post: Spend Less By Using These Wise Vacationing Ideas
In terms of home improvement, many homeowners have confidence in an all-or-nothing strategy. They prefer to wait patiently for an overall upgrade instead of tackling several smaller sized, more controllable tasks. Picking out the latter can save money to make your property an even more eye-catching and satisfying spot to are living. Here are some ideas and tips to help you get began.
When main renovations can expand expensive, home owners need to avoid taking property lending options to fund refurbishments unless it is actually absolutely essential. Except when the remodeling under consideration are required quickly to stop damage or produce a property fit available for purchase, it is better to permit them hang on. Money redesigning work from financial savings or assets is far superior to money it by way of financial debt.
An within redesigning project may appear bothersome to the people that dwell in your home. The best way to go about this is to work on your task at designated instances or when no one?s all around. You don?t would like to place all that included anxiety on oneself when you?re previously working hard adequate!
When controlling your home during the summer a few months, make use of as much supporters as you can. Roof fans specifically help to keep the air in an area circulating and therefore help to keep the room chillier. Employing place and roof supporters will help minimize the volume of power you make use of working an aura conditioner, cutting your electricity bill.
Floors can be a relatively basic home remodeling task even for a newbie. Concentrate on getting porcelain tile with your home and washrooms and replace your carpet with hard wood flooring surfaces. Diy stores have a wealth of information about how to get this process simple for you to perform.
Many people notice the phrase redecorating and instantly think catastrophe, but this doesn?t actually need to be the case. You will success snags generally in most home remodeling assignments, if you are attempting to deal with the domestic plumbing, you might like to abandon that for the experts, in order to avoid a serious redecorating blunder. An excellent guideline is if your unsure ask.
Artwork an area could very well be the most affordable redesigning you are able to conduct. A brand new layer of color inside a different tone or consistency can fully convert an area for small charge. If your wall surfaces usually are not from the greatest issue and you also don?t have time to re-plaster them just before piece of art, take into account holding wallpaper instead, to avoid attracting awareness of the injury.
When you are performing a home remodeling project, it is necessary never to hurry with the demolition. It is attractive simply to rip the previous workout rapidly to help you get right into the installation of the new parts. Nevertheless, you do not want to unintentionally rip cables out of your wall structure as you failed to make time to realize there was a power aspect nonetheless attached.
If you are intending a do-it-yourself reconstruction venture, make sure to understand the protection safeguards from the components and instruments you will be utilizing. Potential resources, painting as well as other concluding products, and also fingers instruments all carry using them significant potential risks. If you?re using a bit of equipment that?s a new comer to you, don?t be scared to ask for help from a friend or home improvement store connect.
Winterize your home?s base! Make an effort from the drop to visit across the base of your dwelling and determine any holes that need closing up. Big breaks might require huge interventions to handle but frequently more compact holes may be enclosed using growing foam. The amount of money you may preserve in heat costs will greater than replace with any hassle!
Produce room with units. Developing new units in your house is a straightforward home improvement undertaking that has several uses. Not merely are handmade units helpful area-manufacturers, they can be attractively stained to complement any home?s design. Incorporating your own personal unique viewpoint can give your property a private contact without having doing harm to any importance it may well have.
Bear in mind, redesigning does not have to become an overwhelming process! The proper information can help you to make audio judgements. Regardless of whether you are doing-it-on your own or work with out of the function, appreciate your ?new look? ? a little effort will go a long way!
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A South African court Monday convicted the last of 20 men accused of high treason for a plot to kill Nelson Mandela and drive blacks out of the country, in a trial that spanned nearly a decade.
The "Boeremag" organisation had planned a right-wing coup in 2002 to overthrow the post-apartheid government by creating chaos in the country.
Dozens of people were injured and one person killed in blasts that shook the Johannesburg township of Soweto in October 2002.
High Court Judge Eben Jordaan found that Kobus Pretorius was the group's "master explosives manufacturer" and "took the lead in the production process" throughout their bomb-making activity.
"He produced the bomb intended for president Mandela and explained to the others how it worked," Jordaan said.
The Boeremag -- Afrikaans for "Boer Force", a reference to the descendants of the first Dutch colonisers -- had planned to sow chaos through bomb blasts then take over military bases, replace the government with white military rule and chase all blacks and Indians from the country.
The trial took almost a decade and the verdict, read from July 26, almost a month to complete.
All 20 accused were convicted of treason, but only five of murder and the plot to kill Mandela, South Africa's first black president.
Pretorius, the last to be convicted, apologised for his involvement.
"I was wrong and I want to ask forgiveness for every person who suffered loss and was disadvantaged by my actions. I am sorry," he said after the trial.
Earlier Pretorius' two brothers and father were convicted of treason as well as the plot to kill Mandela and the killing of a Soweto resident.
The woman died when a bomb explosion sent a piece of steel from a railway 400 metres (1,300 feet) through the air. It struck her in the head when it burst through her shack.
Pretorius distanced himself from his family in the later stages of the trial, saying he had come to new political insights.
The group's far-fetched scheme has been widely dismissed as a racist delusion. The plan included laying bags of maize on roads to lure blacks out of the country. If that didn't work, whites would chase them away with pickup trucks.
The trial drew out South Africa's most racist fringe.
Far-right organisation the Boer Republicans compared the trial to that of Mandela, who was jailed for life in 1964 in the exact same courtroom for sabotage against the white-minority government.
"Through the years of our people's history, conviction and high treason always hailed the change in the playing field, and this time it will be no different," the group said in a statement.
Barend Strydom, who had been sentenced to death for killing eight blacks and wounding another 25 in 1988, was in the public gallery in what he called a show of "love and support for our fellow Boer people".
Known as the White Wolf, Strydom opened fire on blacks in the capital Pretoria. He was released in 1992 in a prisoner exchange during talks between the apartheid government and Mandela's African National Congress.
"High treason is a political charge and is normally used to silence opponents," Strydom said Monday.
"Regardless of what earthly judges decide, we know that the Eternal Judge will absolve these Boer prisoners of war."
The trial lasted almost a decade and the verdict, read from July 26, took nearly a month to complete.
Sentencing hearings have yet to be scheduled, but the group could face up to life in prison. South Africa does not have the death penalty.
(CBS News) After a brutal week of campaigning that included Mitt Romney saying the Obama campaign is based on "division and attack and hatred" and President Obama calling Romney's policies "trickle-down snake oil," both Romney and Mr. Obama took the day off the campaign trail to spend with family and attend church.
At his vacation home in Wolfeboro, NH, Romney attended the first two hours of a three-hour service with his wife and one of his sons and six grandchildren.
Romney received a warm welcome from at least two congregants who welcomed the presidential candidate back.
"Welcome back," an elderly woman said, giving Romney a hug, the pool reporter noted. Romney responded with a cheerful "thank you."
Romney, who held an iPad in which he periodically looked at, appeared to listen attentively to talks by a recent missionary who is also a member of the prominent Marriot hotel family, and a sermon about "personal revelation" to be a better person and also help those less fortunate.
Mitt and Ann Romney left the church around noon Sunday, walking out with another woman who was taken aback by the cameras.
"You're in trouble now. You're in trouble now," Romney said to the woman as he put his arm around her. Ann Romney joked to the press that "she got caught sneaking out early."
The Obamas, meanwhile, also attended Sunday service at St. John's Episcopal Church across the street from the White House, a popular church for sitting American presidents.
Rev. Michael Angell held the service and called the country to work out their differences without reverting to violence. Rev. Angell referred to last week's shooting at the Family Research Council and mentioned that he grew up near Aurora, Colo., according to the pool report.
I?ve known Jennifer Petersen for many years, and it seems like every time I talk to her she?s involved in some exciting new project. If you ask Jennifer what she does, she?ll tell you simply ?I network. I love meeting people and listening to their stories.? Recently I asked Jennifer to tell me her story.
Jennifer Petersen presenting the Special Award Blue Ribbon, and $50 gift certificate from King Arthur Flour, to winner Ron Palmi at Clark County Fair. (Photo source: Jennifer Petersen)
How did you get involved with tea?
I?ve been a tea drinker since about age seven. In 1995, I was at a trade show and attended specialty tea classes to fill in the time. It was an eye-opener. It was kismet. It was Jennifer: meet tea.
Around the same time, I attended a Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) meeting where there was a discussion about two opportunities that become more attractive as a woman ages: tea and etiquette. The theory is that the older a woman becomes, the more respect she gains in these areas.
Through personal experience I?ve become convinced that tea is excellent for one?s health.
What is Tea Trade Mart?
Tea Trade Mart develops businesses through trade shows, mastermind sessions, and speaking engagements. In other words: helping tea companies keep their sales ?hot.?
As the food and beverage industry continues to grow, hospitality becomes a major focus: think in terms of customer loyalty and what it takes to keep a customer romance that lasts for years rather than a one-night fling.
What advice would you give to someone who wants to open a tea business?
Drink tea, tea, and more tea. Learn to recognize the differences in all sensory aspects.
Join Specialty Tea Institute (STI).
Be prepared to work harder than ever.
Be sure you have a business plan and goals.
Ask yourself how much you?ve willing to sacrifice to accomplish your dream. How much time, money, and sleep? How much of your personal opinion?
If financing is necessary, which of your private assets will you pledge: Savings? Investments? Your home? And then do not go beyond that point.
What are your responsibilities as a member of the STI governing board?
STI is a wonderful group of people who have no self-promoting aspirations ? they merely want to share their knowledge and appreciation of Camellia sinensis. My strengths on the board have more to do with organization, presentation, and socialization than with regaling audiences with stories of visits to countries of origin.
What changes have you seen in the world of tea and what do you predict for the future?
Tea has become more transparent as access to accurate information is more readily available. Changes in growing and buying behaviors translate into more certifications: organic, fair trade, kosher, etc. Smaller U.S. tea companies are being purchased by global conglomerates with larger distribution channels. RTD (ready to drink) has become more important. The mega companies grow, package, and ship their own teas. And of course tea growing experiments have increased in the United States.
Tell us about the scones!
The Amazing Scone Baking Race was created as a publicity vehicle for tea shops. It has been fun, interesting, and successful. People love to bake, they love contests, and they love winning ribbons and being acknowledged for their great recipes.
How about your newest project, lavender?
I?ve sold lavender fresh-picked from the farm, blended tea with it, made jelly with it, planted and grown it. Finally I decided to write a cookbook with lavender as the theme.
How did you get your nickname?
My marketing coach dubbed me the Cuppa Countess, although I am more comfortable in a tea apron than a tiara.
What is your favourite tea, and how do you prefer to steep and drink it?
I love all teas except pu-erh, although I?ll usually grab an oolong first. My favorite teapot is an eight-cup stainless steel Savoy with a wraparound cozy. Although I have plenty of beautiful teacups and saucers, I prefer to drink tea from a mug ? I like the way the aroma and steam wrap around my face while I?m sipping.
? Online Stores, Inc., and The English Tea Store Blog, 2009-2014. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this article?s author and/or the blog?s owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Online Stores, Inc., and The English Tea Store Blog with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
Tiny spaces can be very productive places to work, as today's featured workspace demonstrates. Simple Desks reader Paul Stanton converted a small utility room into his full-time work-from-home office?calling it a sanctuary away from noise from his toddler. ![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 21-Aug-2012
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